Web Hosting asked:


With the web hosting scenario currently prevailing, one can say that, free web hosting is among the most misunderstood concepts on the web of today. Tremendous popularity of free web hosting plans is due to emergence of new web site into the idea without really measuring the future results. Several people cannot see the dim side of the free web hosting plan but a new webmaster definitely can groom him/her after penetrating through such conditions.

What happens when Coke promote Pepsi on their website!!!? Some people may find the above question comical, but in fact it is a root problem related to free web hosting plans. Clients are compelled to advertise different things which are not related to them, this is the way several companies make it an affordable `deal’. It can be through anyway, it can be through pop-ups, pop-under, headline ads, implanted ad sense etc. The user should host advertisement on his/her website in any of the case because it is the source of revenue for the concern hosting company providing free hosting services, whether the user like it or not, it doesn’t matter. Such situations are not only irritating but also capable of destroying the look of user’s page; several times the denotation of the ad and its entrance and exit is not in the user’s hand, they are simply induced into one’s site and the user can do nothing but to suffer it.

Traffic chaos

The last line in web hosting is no doubt, bandwidth (data transfer) costs money and if the user develop a strategy for free service it is quite certain that the bandwidth enjoyed by the user will be limited. Several times when the user attempt to access a web site which is located on a free server is shown with the message given next: “The user had crossed the supplied bandwidth limit, please seek next month”. There is nothing to amaze if a webmaster gets frustrate onto it. For an instance, a user build an attractive page, promoted it in the market, grabbed a plenty of audience, and then losing that audience quite easily because his/her page does not permitting further hits for the month.

SEO woes

In the beginning, it can cause a lump of irritation to the user but later provides the lesson about how search engines operates and the way search engines handle name resolution. In approximately complete cases free hosting plans restrict the user in pointing a domain name (www.mysite.com) to an actual page. Rather, the user is compelled to adopt a substitute (concept) termed as URL redirection. The function of URL is to permit a webmaster to identify a site that the URL is supposed to point to. Thus if a user types in www.illustration.com and one has configured it to redirect to www.freehost/users/mysite.html it will end up on that page. Such sorts of things are not a big issue until and unless the user start attempting to reach to the condition where his/her website get indexed in the search engines. Then the user put forward his/her site (www.illustrations.com) in the front of few directories and then inquire from them about some of the good link partners but then a shake of surprises arises, when the user come to know that he/she has not been included in the lists of SE’s. Inspite of the fact that the user has 100 solid back links pointing towards www.illustrations.com, still every one knows what is going on. The root cause is that www.illustrations.com possesses no matter in it, but merely redirects the user to actual page at any of the reputed site. It is a fact that SE’s never index a page containing zero data in it, rather consider it as an effort to hoodwink their algorithm, which results in proscription of the user’s domain name. Then the only option left will be is to forget the domain name and take a U-turn towards free hosting address, which is not a preferable work in real sense.

The spirit of free web hosting is not bad enough as shown above. As there are several positives aspects on which one can rely upon. Like for e.g. there are some free hosting providers which do not compel the user for advertising, using limited bandwidth and also allow pointed domains. Only daunting task is to search them out. Thus, an ideal hosting without hurdles can be enjoyed by loosening slightly the pocket. The user can enjoy an outstanding hosting by paying $5.95 per month, it asks for little money but the efforts will be WORTH it.



Paul

bizakcom asked:

of costs and expenses. RPV - Revenues per Visitor (RPV) = revenues divided by visitors. RPV is the gross income earned for each visitor. Costs - The total costs & expenses associated with internet operations. Costs include marketing, advertising, SEO, hosting, domains, PPC, etc. CPV - Costs per Visitor = total costs divided by visitors. CPV is the dollar amount spent for each visitor. Earnings - The profit or loss (net income) generated from internet operations. Earnings are after the …

Stanley

Ahamed asked:


ip Address and Subnetting.

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

IP Addressing and Subnetting

Introduction

This document gives you basic information needed to configure your router for routing IP, such as how addresses are broken down and how subnetting works. You learn how to assign each interface on the router an IP address with a unique subnet. There are many examples to help tie everything together.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific prerequisites for this document.

Components Used

This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.

Additional Information

If definitions are helpful to you, use these vocabulary terms to get you started:

*

Address—The unique number ID assigned to one host or interface in a network.

*

Subnet—A portion of a network sharing a particular subnet address.

*

Subnet mask—A 32-bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the subnet and which part refers to the host.

*

Interface—A network connection.

If you have already received your legitimate address(es) from the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC), you are ready to begin. If you do not plan to connect to the Internet, Cisco strongly suggests that you use reserved addresses from RFC 1918.

Conventions

Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.

Understanding IP Addresses

An IP address is an address used to uniquely identify a device on an IP network. The address is made up of 32 binary bits which can be divisible into a network portion and host portion with the help of a subnet mask. The 32 binary bits are broken into four octets (1 octet = 8 bits). Each octet is converted to decimal and separated by a period (dot). For this reason, an IP address is said to be expressed in dotted decimal format (for example, 172.16.81.100). The value in each octet ranges from 0 to 255 decimal, or 00000000 - 11111111 binary.

Here is how binary octets convert to decimal: The right most bit, or least significant bit, of an octet holds a value of 20. The bit just to the left of that holds a value of 21. This continues until the left-most bit, or most significant bit, which holds a value of 27. So if all binary bits are a one, the decimal equivalent would be 255 as shown here:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255)

Here is a sample octet conversion when not all of the bits are set to 1.

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 64 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0+64+0+0+0+0+0+1=65)

And this is sample shows an IP address represented in both binary and decimal.

10. 1. 23. 19 (decimal)

00001010.00000001.00010111.00010011 (binary)

These octets are broken down to provide an addressing scheme that can accommodate large and small networks. There are five different classes of networks, A to E. This document focuses on addressing classes A to C, since classes D and E are reserved and discussion of them is beyond the scope of this document.

Note: Also note that the terms “Class A, Class B” and so on are used in this document to help facilitate the understanding of IP addressing and subnetting. These terms are rarely used in the industry anymore because of the introduction of classless interdomain routing (CIDR).

Given an IP address, its class can be determined from the three high-order bits. Figure 1 shows the significance in the three high order bits and the range of addresses that fall into each class. For informational purposes, Class D and Class E addresses are also shown.

Figure 1

3an.gif

In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the Class A example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 1.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255. Octets 2, 3, and 4 (the next 24 bits) are for the network manager to divide into subnets and hosts as he/she sees fit. Class A addresses are used for networks that have more than 65,536 hosts (actually, up to 16777214 hosts!).

In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network portion, so the Class B example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255. Octets 3 and 4 (16 bits) are for local subnets and hosts. Class B addresses are used for networks that have between 256 and 65534 hosts.

In a Class C address, the first three octets are the network portion. The Class C example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 192.0.0.0 - 233.255.255.255. Octet 4 (8 bits) is for local subnets and hosts - perfect for networks with less than 254 hosts.

Network Masks

A network mask helps you know which portion of the address identifies the network and which portion of the address identifies the node. Class A, B, and C networks have default masks, also known as natural masks, as shown here:

Class A: 255.0.0.0

Class B: 255.255.0.0

Class C: 255.255.255.0

An IP address on a Class A network that has not been subnetted would have an address/mask pair similar to: 8.20.15.1 255.0.0.0. To see how the mask helps you identify the network and node parts of the address, convert the address and mask to binary numbers.

8.20.15.1 = 00001000.00010100.00001111.00000001

255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Once you have the address and the mask represented in binary, then identifying the network and host ID is easier. Any address bits which have corresponding mask bits set to 1 represent the network ID. Any address bits that have corresponding mask bits set to 0 represent the node ID.

8.20.15.1 = 00001000.00010100.00001111.00000001

255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

———————————–

net id | host id

netid = 00001000 = 8

hostid = 00010100.00001111.00000001 = 20.15.1

Understanding Subnetting

Subnetting allows you to create multiple logical networks that exist within a single Class A, B, or C network. If you do not subnet, you are only able to use one network from your Class A, B, or C network, which is unrealistic.

Each data link on a network must have a unique network ID, with every node on that link being a member of the same network. If you break a major network (Class A, B, or C) into smaller subnetworks, it allows you to create a network of interconnecting subnetworks. Each data link on this network would then have a unique network/subnetwork ID. Any device, or gateway, connecting n networks/subnetworks has n distinct IP addresses, one for each network / subnetwork that it interconnects.

In order to subnet a network, extend the natural mask using some of the bits from the host ID portion of the address to create a subnetwork ID. For example, given a Class C network of 204.17.5.0 which has a natural mask of 255.255.255.0, you can create subnets in this manner:

204.17.5.0 - 11001100.00010001.00000101.00000000

255.255.255.224 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

————————–|sub|—-

By extending the mask to be 255.255.255.224, you have taken three bits (indicated by “sub”) from the original host portion of the address and used them to make subnets. With these three bits, it is possible to create eight subnets. With the remaining five host ID bits, each subnet can have up to 32 host addresses, 30 of which can actually be assigned to a device since host ids of all zeros or all ones are not allowed (it is very important to remember this). So, with this in mind, these subnets have been created.

204.17.5.0 255.255.255.224 host address range 1 to 30

204.17.5.32 255.255.255.224 host address range 33 to 62

204.17.5.64 255.255.255.224 host address range 65 to 94

204.17.5.96 255.255.255.224 host address range 97 to 126

204.17.5.128 255.255.255.224 host address range 129 to 158

204.17.5.160 255.255.255.224 host address range 161 to 190

204.17.5.192 255.255.255.224 host address range 193 to 222

204.17.5.224 255.255.255.224 host address range 225 to 254

For More www.ccna-4.tk http://cisco-training640-802.blogspot.com



Bernard

Mike Singh asked:


Just like regular phone service providers, VoIP companies offer a wide variety of plans and options. Making VoIP phone comparisons can be confusing unless you understand what your specific needs are. Make a list of what you want your VoIP service to be able to do for you, then research and find a company that provides that service and a price that meets your budget.

Below is a breakdown of some VoIP phone service comparisons:

Vonage

Three of the popular programs available:

* The basic program offers 500 anytime minutes anywhere in the US, Canada and Puerto Rico. This plan includes all the free features you could imagine including voicemail, caller id, call waiting, forwarding, three-way calling, free in network calling, mobility, call transfer, *69, repeat dialling and more. There is no annual contract and additional add-ons such as a virtual phone number, adding lines or toll free plus are available at reasonable monthly rates.

* The Premium Unlimited program offers all the basic program with unlimited anytime calls to the US, Canada and Puerto Rico.

* Small Business Unlimited includes all the features above plus a free dedicated fax line.

BroadVoice

Four popular programs available:

* The basic program offers unlimited calling in state for a flat rate. You choose your own area code and number based on availability and the plan includes standard feature such as voice mail, call waiting, forwarding, call hold, caller ID, transfer and notify. In addition the advanced features of call blocking, priority alert and call manager services are part of all plans.

* Unlimited World plan offers the basic and advanced features with unlimited calling to 21 countries including the US.

* Unlimited World Plus includes 35 countries with all the basic and advanced features.

* Business customers have a separate plan to choose from with many features to choose from including a remote office with alternate numbers.

AT&T CallVantage

Three popular programs available:

* Local Plan includes unlimited local calls and low rate on long distance class. The plan includes conference calling, voicemail, call logs, 911 service and fax and modem support to name a few features.

* Service Plan program has unlimited local and long distance calls in the US and Canada. It includes all the features in the Local Plan.

* The CallVantage 2-Line Plan provides unlimited local and long distance calls on the first line, all the standard features, and a second line with 500 long distance minutes.



Beatrice

Jonathan Aston asked:


Web Hosting and SEO - Search Engine Optimisation

We have seen many organisations completely ignore Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) when considering a hosting package, web hosting and seo should be a key consideration in the selection process. SEO is an important step in creating a website and should should be taken into serious consideration before you even begin to build your website, one of the considerations here is hosting.

Country Specific Domain Names

If the majority of all of your customer base is located for example in the UK, then you should get hosting in the UK.However if your server is located in the US for example you can still localise your domain (learn how to do) to improve rankings on Google UK search.

Staying on the example of serving a customer base largely or complete based in the UK using a TLD: http://.co.uk tells search engines that your are indeed based in the UK. Even having a http://.co.uk domain name and a server hosting your website in Germany or the US having that crucial http://.co.uk is a strong enough statement.

However don’t be tricked into typing ‘UK Web Hosting’ into Google and going with the first result as some UK Web Hosting companies actually have servers based overseas and with the combination of a .com domain name your chanced of appearing in the Google UK search from the web and pages from the up is limited.

In an ideal world in this scenario you should have reliable hosting in the UK and a http://.co.uk domain name, however there are ways around it if you do not.

If you are based in the UK and own a .com and not http://.co.uk, you could purchase http://.co.uk TLD and forward your .com to the http://.co.uk however there is risk in this if you site has build up a good reputation and has a strong back link campaign and high page rank. You can always try to localise your domain.

But in conclusion to rank in a regional specific area you either need hosting in your country or a local TLD e.g. http://.co.uk, you don’t necessarily need both. 

Avoid Cheap Web Hosting - consider web hosting and seo …

Simply knocking up a quick website, rushing the design, back end coding and on site search engine optimisation and finally wacking it onto the cheapest server you find is not going to deliver any success at all, if you are serious about creating a professional authoritative website then you really needs to invest wisely in web hosting. As mentioned above why attract unwanted visitors from unwanted locations.

Sometime cheap hosting companies will offer ridiculous amount of free space, however this can have an adverse effect on down time, and this means that your website may not always be available upon request. This not only has a knock on effect on SEO but also website usability as it may cause problems for website visitors to visit your website when they want to, what is worth adding here also is if search engine spiders cannot access your website and follow links throughout your site this will obviously have an effect on your SEO campaign.

Again some webhosts that offer cheap hosting use a method where your domain is redirect to the back of another Website. This can cause problems with the search engines reaching your website and website content.

I have also found that some cheap hosting providers host sites that have been banned from the search engines; this of course will have more than a negative effect on search engine rankings.

Avoid Hosting Multiple Domains on the Same Server

Yes it does seem very tempting to buy server space and hosting more than one domain. Let’s just say that search engines e.g. Google may frown upon this type of behavior. Search Engines may believe that the company hosting these multiple domains is attempting to artificially link together hence trying to manipulate search engine with the objective of increase rankings in the search engine results pages. However this can and often does results in a decrease in SERP rankings.

In conclusion consider web hosting and seo as working to compliment each other in your efforts to achieve effective search engine ranks, check out the resources below.



Kimberly